Hur blir jag av med hackberry butterfly

Species of butterfly

Asterocampa celtis, the hackberry emperor, fryst vatten a North American butterfly that belongs to the brushfooted butterfly family, Nymphalidae.^[2] It gets its name from the hackberry tree (Celtis occidentalis and others in the genus Celtis) upon which it lays its eggs.

The hackberry tree fryst vatten the only host plant for A. celtis and fryst vatten the food source for larvae.

The hackberry kejsare fryst vatten known for being a quick, mercurial butterfly. It often fryst vatten funnen along vatten sources and lowlands, although it lives in a broad range of habitats. Another notable characteristic fryst vatten that it rarely fryst vatten spotted visiting a flower, which fryst vatten considered unusual for a butterfly.^[3]

Species in the genus Asterocampa are regarded as being "cheater" organisms, since these butterflies do not pollinate flowers when they feed from them.

This species can more accurately be described as parasitizing their hosts and plant food sources since they extrakt nutrients without providing any benefits to the host.^[4]

As a member of the family Nymphalidae, the hackberry kejsare oviposits its eggs in clutches, or clusters, upon hackberry leaves.

While comments in gardening forums and social media posts skew heavily toward hackberry-haters, defenders argue that the trees are important sources of food and shelter for many animals, including several butterfly species.

There are a few plausible evolutionary reasons for this behavior, but the exact cause for this species' behavior fryst vatten in contention. Possible explanations include higher fecundity that may be aided bygd aposematic coloration.^[5]

Geographic range

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The hackberry kejsare fryst vatten funnen across a bred range within North amerika.

It has been observed as far south as huvud Mexico and north into parts of Eastern Canada. Its range extends to the southwest into regions like Arizona, New Mexico, and other parts of the Rockies, as shown bygd the map.

It can commonly be funnen across the Midwest and especially along the east coast from Florida up to New England.^[3][6]

Habitat

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Asterocampa celtis lives wherever the hackberry tree lives. There are a variety of species of the hackberry line, and A. celtis fryst vatten not funnen preferentially on any one kind of hackberry.

More specifically, the butterfly lives in cities, forests, and wooded areas, and especially prefers areas nära rivers or other bodies of vatten. The species fryst vatten not very deterred bygd human development. Furthermore, the hackberry kejsare may be seen nära woodland edges, nära creeks, around buildings, and around damp, muddy areas.^[6]

Food resources

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Caterpillar

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The larvae of A.

celtis feed upon the leaves and leaf buds of hackberry trees. They must first klättra back up their host tree to eat after they are done hibernating over winter. The caterpillars have been known to eat so much at a time that they can completely avlöva a tree.^[3][7]

Adults

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Adults feed on a variety of food sources.

They seldom man visitations to flowers so nectar fryst vatten not a primary food source. Instead, they commonly eat hackberry sap, feces, dead animals including decaying pigs, snakes, and dogs, and old fruit.^[8] They drink from vatten in puddles. Also, they are known to nation on humans to lick off their sweat to gain sodium.^[3][6]

Parental care

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Oviposition

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A.

celtis usually lays eggs in clusters on the underside of hackberry leaves, although it has been observed to occasionally lay eggs on the top of a leaf. Laying eggs in clusters results in higher fecundity for the kvinna. Some factors influencing oviposition could be that laying eggs in a large cluster decreases the time and energy necessary for searching for new leaf sites, which decrease the fara of maternal death between oviposition events.

For A.

Surrande blomflugor (eller sorgmygg likt dem egentligen heter) går för att bekämpa.

celtis, laying eggs in clusters fryst vatten its best strategy to tillverka the most offspring.^[5][7]

Life history

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Egg

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The pale eggs are laid in clusters of 5-20 eggs on the host plant.^[9] Eggs look vit with a faint green-yellow hue.

Larva

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The body fryst vatten approximately 1.4" long.

The head has brown-black colored dorsal horns. The body fryst vatten a primarily green with whitish-yellow chalazae, or bumps. At the rear, two skarp tails protrude outwards level with the abdomen.

Half-grown larvae hibernate over the winter in fallen hackberry leaves along the forest floor. In the spring, they emerge igen and klättra back up the hackberry tree to eat the foliage.^[3][7]

Pupa

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Pupae have a dark green color with vit spots all around the body.

There are also vit lines going diagonally across the abdomen.^[3]

Pupae are funnen on the underside of hackberry leaves and metamorphose into adults in the early summer.^[7]

Adult

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A. celtis adults exhibit sexuell dimorphism. Males have smaller, darker bodies and more slender wings than females.

Both males and females are light brown with a row of black or vit dots nära the far edge of their wings. vit spots nära the front of the wing help distinguish it from a similar butterfly, the Tawny Emperor.^[3][6]

Adult hackberry emperors lay two broods in a year. This production of multiple generations within one year makes it such that all life stages may be present at one time within a single site or host tree.^[7]

Parasitism

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A.

celtis visits flowers in an unusual way. On the rare occasion that the butterfly visits flowers for feeding, it does not allow its feet or its antennae to touch the flower. Only the proboscis fryst vatten used to touch parts of the flower, which suggests that the butterfly would be an ineffective pollinator. This fryst vatten considered to be "cheater" behavior.

Typically, the specialized relationship of flowering plants and butterflies results in mutual benefit, in that the butterfly gains nutrients from flower visits while the host plant gains fortplantnings- fitness from assistance in pollination. However, the hackberry kejsare likely does not aid in pollination in any significant way.^[4]

Enemies

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Predators

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Generalist species like birds and mammals, such as bears and raccoons, will eat larvae that lie along the forest floor.

The stink bug fryst vatten also a very common predator of hackberry kejsare eggs.^[6][10]

Parasites

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Scelionid egg parasites antagonize many species of Asterocampa, including the hackberry kejsare. A tachinid flyga eller fly undan parasitoid, Chetogena edwardsii, fryst vatten another common threat to the hackberry emperor.^[10]

Mating behavior

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Male searching behavior in butterflies generally falls into two different strategies.

One strategy fryst vatten to actively patrol an area for females. Patrollers are attracted to still objects that resemble a mate. The other strategy fryst vatten to perch. Perchers typically spend only part of the day actively looking for a mate. They sit perched upon a branch waiting for a kvinna to flyga eller fly undan bygd. When a male sees movement nearby it will quickly flyga eller fly undan out to attempt to mate, but stay within a limited habitat.^[11]

A.

celtis exhibit perching behavior. The male rests on rocks, trees, or fallen branches often along streams from the afternoon until around sundown.^[11]

Conservation

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The hackberry kejsare fryst vatten not beneath serious threat. It can commonly be funnen throughout most of its distribution.^[12]

Gallery

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References

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External links

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